Select Questions

Chapter 8

1. The design that allows the researcher to test for interactions between variables is the __________.

within-subjects design

factorial design

Latin square design

between-subjects design

2. When factors such as age and sex, which are based upon characteristics of subjects, are used as a factor in a factorial design, __________.

it may be because it is not feasible or ethical to manipulate that factor (e.g., stress).

results will probably not generalize

study results are easy to interpret

subjects may be assigned in a completely random fashion

3. In a two-factor design, the number of F tests performed is:

4. A(n) __________ occurs when the effect of one variable, X, on another variable, Y, depends upon a third variable, Z.

interaction

main effect of X

main effect of X and an interaction between X and Y

main effect of Z

5. An experiment with two independent variables, each of which has two levels, in which all combinations of treatments are included, is called a(n) ________ design.

two-way factorial

interaction

multiple factor

2x2 factorial

6. The degrees of freedom associated with the main effects and interaction in an analysis of variance depend on:

the size of the study.

the context of the experiment.

the power of the statistical test.

the degree of experimental control that is achieved.

7. Experiments which test for interactions must include at a minimum __________.

one independent variable and two dependent variables

two independent variables and one dependent variable

one independent variable and one dependent variable

two independent variables and two dependent variables

8. When comparing line and bar charts, __________.

the line chart is superior to the bar chart at showing interactions

neither is as good as a table

both are equally good at displaying study results

tables are better than either the line or bar chart at showing interactions

9. Researchers have investigated the effect of exercise on depression. They have found that exercise decreases "feeling blue" in unipolar depressives but has no effect upon those suffering from seasonal affective disorder. The finding, that the effects of exercise depends upon diagnostic category, is an example of _________.

an interaction between diagnostic category and "feeling blue"

a main effect of diagnostic category

an interaction between treatment (exercise) and diagnostic category

a limited main effect of exercise

10. In a factorial design, the total number of treatments __________.

equals the number of levels of the first independent variable plus the number of dependent variables

equals the product of the number of levels of each of the independent variables

equals the number of independent variables

equals the sum of the number of independent variables and the number of dependent variables

11. To evaluate the possibility of an interaction between Factors A and B:

the effects of A at each level of B are subtracted.

none of the alternatives are correct

the values for the effect of B at each level of A are multiplied.

comparisons must be made of the effects of A at different levels of B.

12. In the analysis of the two-factor design shown in the summary table below, which F test(s) was/were statistically significant?
Table
Analysis of Variance
Summary Table for Depression Scores
Source              df       F
A = Drug Th         1      1.86
B = Cog Beh Th     1     12.23*
A x B                  1       2.03
Error                30
* p < .05

the F test showing the main effect of B (Cognitive Behavior Therapy)

the F test showing the interaction effect, A x B

none of the F tests were statistically significant.

the F test showing the main effect of A (Drug Treatment)