Select Questions

Chapter 8

1. In an experimental design, subjects receive all treatments, according to a predetermined order. The design is a __________ design.
        
2. In the two-factor design shown in the summary table below, there was/were __________ level(s) of Factor A, Drug.
Table
Analysis of Variance
Summary Table for Depression Scores
Source              df       F
A = Drug Th         1      1.86
B = Cog Beh Th     1     12.23*
A x B                  1       2.03
Error                30
* p < .05
        
3. Counterbalancing is a technique that can be used for:
        
4. In Hall and Kataria's study evaluating different treatments for attention deficit hyperactive disorder, the children were tested on a delayed response task both when they were taking Ritalin and when they were not. A variable such as this involving repeated testing of the same subjects is called:
        
5. Researchers have investigated the effect of exercise on depression. They have found that exercise decreases "feeling blue" in unipolar depressives but has no effect upon those suffering from seasonal affective disorder. The finding, that the effects of exercise depends upon diagnostic category, is an example of _________.
        
6. A(n) __________ occurs when the effect of one variable, X, on another variable, Y, depends upon a third variable, Z.
        
7. An experiment with two independent variables, each of which has two levels, in which all combinations of treatments are included, is called a(n) ________ design.
        
8. In the analysis of the two-factor design shown in the summary table below, which F test(s) was/were statistically significant?
Table
Analysis of Variance
Summary Table for Depression Scores
Source              df       F
A = Drug Th         1      1.86
B = Cog Beh Th     1     12.23*
A x B                  1       2.03
Error                30
* p < .05
        
9. In a __________ design, each subject receives all the treatments; in a _________ design, each subject receives only one treatment.
        
10. A __________ design is a design with two or more independent variables, in which the complete set of treatments is defined by the product of the levels of the independent variables.
        
11. In a between-subjects design, a possible threat to internal validity is _________.
        
12. Factorial designs are used when the researcher wishes to measure the effect of an independent variable __________.