Select Questions

Chapter 8

1. In a within-subjects design ___________.

there are at least two factors and at least one dependent variable

each subject receives only one treatment

there are two factors and at least one dependent variable

each subject receives all treatments

2. A researcher investigates the influence of illumination levels (high, moderate, low) on reading speed, for texts varying in difficulty (complex, simple). In this factorial design, there are a total of __________ treatments.

3. A(n) __________ occurs when the effect of one variable, X, on another variable, Y, depends upon a third variable, Z.

main effect of X

main effect of Z

main effect of X and an interaction between X and Y

interaction

4. The statistical test used to analyze the factorial design is called the __________.

F test

t test

chi-square

randomization test

5. To evaluate the possibility of an interaction between Factors A and B:

comparisons must be made of the effects of A at different levels of B.

the values for the effect of B at each level of A are multiplied.

none of the alternatives are correct

the effects of A at each level of B are subtracted.

6. In an experimental design, subjects receive all treatments, according to a predetermined order. The design is a __________ design.

completely randomized

randomized blocks

Latin square

between-subjects

7. In a factorial design, the total number of treatments __________.

equals the number of levels of the first independent variable plus the number of dependent variables

equals the product of the number of levels of each of the independent variables

equals the sum of the number of independent variables and the number of dependent variables

equals the number of independent variables

8. A researcher investigates the effect of caffeine on problem solving speed. She administers either a placebo, 1, 2, or 5 mg of caffeine to subjects and measures the average time it takes them to solve three problems. This design contains _______________ factor(s) with __________ level(s).

four, one

one, three

one, four

four, three

9. When factors such as age and sex, which are based upon characteristics of subjects, are used as a factor in a factorial design, __________.

results will probably not generalize

it may be because it is not feasible or ethical to manipulate that factor (e.g., stress).

subjects may be assigned in a completely random fashion

study results are easy to interpret

10. When comparing line and bar charts, __________.

the line chart is superior to the bar chart at showing interactions

tables are better than either the line or bar chart at showing interactions

both are equally good at displaying study results

neither is as good as a table

11. In the analysis of the two-factor design shown in the summary table below, which F test(s) was/were statistically significant?
Table
Analysis of Variance
Summary Table for Depression Scores
Source              df       F
A = Drug Th         1      1.86
B = Cog Beh Th     1     12.23*
A x B                  1       2.03
Error                30
* p < .05

the F test showing the interaction effect, A x B

none of the F tests were statistically significant.

the F test showing the main effect of B (Cognitive Behavior Therapy)

the F test showing the main effect of A (Drug Treatment)

12. In a __________ design, each subject receives all the treatments; in a _________ design, each subject receives only one treatment.

factorial; nonfactorial

within-subjects; between-subjects

nonfactorial; factorial

between-subjects; within-subjects