Select Questions

Chapter 8

1. Researchers have investigated the effect of exercise on depression. They have found that exercise decreases "feeling blue" in unipolar depressives but has no effect upon those suffering from seasonal affective disorder. The finding, that the effects of exercise depends upon diagnostic category, is an example of _________.

a limited main effect of exercise

a main effect of diagnostic category

an interaction between diagnostic category and "feeling blue"

an interaction between treatment (exercise) and diagnostic category

2. In a __________ design, each subject receives all the treatments; in a _________ design, each subject receives only one treatment.

nonfactorial; factorial

factorial; nonfactorial

within-subjects; between-subjects

between-subjects; within-subjects

3. To evaluate the possibility of an interaction between Factors A and B:

the effects of A at each level of B are subtracted.

comparisons must be made of the effects of A at different levels of B.

none of the alternatives are correct

the values for the effect of B at each level of A are multiplied.

4. Factorial designs are used when the researcher wishes to measure the effect of an independent variable __________.

as a function of the effect of at least one other dependent variable

on several dependent variables

on a dependent variable as a function of the effect of at least one other independent variable

on a dependent variable

5. A researcher investigates the influence of illumination levels (high, moderate, low) on reading speed, for texts varying in difficulty (complex, simple). In this factorial design, there are a total of __________ treatments.

6. The statistical test used to analyze the factorial design is called the __________.

randomization test

t test

F test

chi-square

7. When comparing line and bar charts, __________.

both are equally good at displaying study results

neither is as good as a table

tables are better than either the line or bar chart at showing interactions

the line chart is superior to the bar chart at showing interactions

8. In a between-subjects design, a possible threat to internal validity is _________.

history

maturation

testing

selection

9. In Hall and Kataria's study evaluating different treatments for attention deficit hyperactive disorder, the children were tested on a delayed response task both when they were taking Ritalin and when they were not. A variable such as this involving repeated testing of the same subjects is called:

a within-subjects factor.

an interaction.

a between-subjects factor.

a subject factor.

10. A(n) ______ occurs when the effect of one variable, A, on another variable, X, depends on a third variable, B.

anomaly

main effect

interaction

regression

11. In the two-factor design shown in the summary table below, there was/were __________ level(s) of Factor A, Drug.
Table
Analysis of Variance
Summary Table for Depression Scores
Source              df       F
A = Drug Th         1      1.86
B = Cog Beh Th     1     12.23*
A x B                  1       2.03
Error                30
* p < .05

12. In an experimental design, subjects receive all treatments, according to a predetermined order. The design is a __________ design.

completely randomized

randomized blocks

Latin square

between-subjects