Select Questions

Chapter 8

1. Researchers have investigated the effect of exercise on depression. They have found that exercise decreases "feeling blue" in unipolar depressives but has no effect upon those suffering from seasonal affective disorder. The finding, that the effects of exercise depends upon diagnostic category, is an example of _________.

a main effect of diagnostic category

an interaction between diagnostic category and "feeling blue"

a limited main effect of exercise

an interaction between treatment (exercise) and diagnostic category

2. In a factorial design, the total number of treatments __________.

equals the number of independent variables

equals the number of levels of the first independent variable plus the number of dependent variables

equals the sum of the number of independent variables and the number of dependent variables

equals the product of the number of levels of each of the independent variables

3. The statistical test used to analyze the factorial design is called the __________.

randomization test

t test

chi-square

F test

4. In a two-factor design, the number of F tests performed is:

5. The evidence for interactions can be seen most clearly in which of the following?

a scatterplot

a bar chart

a line chart

a table of group means

6. In a factorial design, subjects are matched on IQ and then one of each pair is randomly assigned to one of the treatments; the design is a __________.

completely randomized design

Latin square design

randomized blocks design

repeated measures design

7. The design that allows the researcher to test for interactions between variables is the __________.

between-subjects design

within-subjects design

factorial design

Latin square design

8. A(n) __________ occurs when the effect of one variable, X, on another variable, Y, depends upon a third variable, Z.

main effect of X

main effect of Z

interaction

main effect of X and an interaction between X and Y

9. The design that best controls for individual differences between subjects, using the fewest number of subjects, is the __________.

completely randomized design

randomized block design

within-subjects design

between-subjects design

10. In Hall and Kataria's study evaluating different treatments for attention deficit hyperactive disorder, the children were tested on a delayed response task both when they were taking Ritalin and when they were not. A variable such as this involving repeated testing of the same subjects is called:

a subject factor.

a between-subjects factor.

an interaction.

a within-subjects factor.

11. See the summary table below. In the analysis of this two-factor design, __________ F test(s) was/were computed.
Table
Analysis of Variance
Summary Table for Depression Scores
Source              df       F
A = Drug Th         1      1.86
B = Cog Beh Th     1     12.23*
A x B                  1       2.03
Error                30
* p < .05

12. When factors such as age and sex, which are based upon characteristics of subjects, are used as a factor in a factorial design, __________.

results will probably not generalize

subjects may be assigned in a completely random fashion

it may be because it is not feasible or ethical to manipulate that factor (e.g., stress).

study results are easy to interpret