Select Questions

Chapter 8

1. A study contains two factors, X and Y, each with two levels (present, absent). The possible treatments are __________.

X and Y

X1Y1, + X1Y2, + X2Y1

X1Y1, + X1Y2, + X2Y1, + X2Y2

X1Y1, + X2Y2

2. Counterbalancing is a technique that can be used for:

balancing order effects.

testing interactions.

converting a between-subjects design to a within-subjects design.

dealing with subject factors.

3. Experiments which test for interactions must include at a minimum __________.

two independent variables and two dependent variables

two independent variables and one dependent variable

one independent variable and one dependent variable

one independent variable and two dependent variables

4. In the two-factor design shown in the summary table below, there was/were __________ level(s) of Factor A, Drug.
Table
Analysis of Variance
Summary Table for Depression Scores
Source              df       F
A = Drug Th         1      1.86
B = Cog Beh Th     1     12.23*
A x B                  1       2.03
Error                30
* p < .05

5. A researcher investigates the influence of illumination levels (high, moderate, low) on reading speed, for texts varying in difficulty (complex, simple). In this factorial design, there are a total of __________ treatments.

6. A __________ design is a design with two or more independent variables, in which the complete set of treatments is defined by the product of the levels of the independent variables.

Latin square

factorial

completely randomized

randomized blocks

7. The design that best controls for individual differences between subjects, using the fewest number of subjects, is the __________.

between-subjects design

randomized block design

completely randomized design

within-subjects design

8. See the summary table below. In the analysis of this two-factor design, __________ F test(s) was/were computed.
Table
Analysis of Variance
Summary Table for Depression Scores
Source              df       F
A = Drug Th         1      1.86
B = Cog Beh Th     1     12.23*
A x B                  1       2.03
Error                30
* p < .05

9. When factors such as age and sex, which are based upon characteristics of subjects, are used as a factor in a factorial design, __________.

results will probably not generalize

study results are easy to interpret

it may be because it is not feasible or ethical to manipulate that factor (e.g., stress).

subjects may be assigned in a completely random fashion

10. In the analysis of the two-factor design shown in the summary table below, which F test(s) was/were statistically significant?
Table
Analysis of Variance
Summary Table for Depression Scores
Source              df       F
A = Drug Th         1      1.86
B = Cog Beh Th     1     12.23*
A x B                  1       2.03
Error                30
* p < .05

the F test showing the interaction effect, A x B

none of the F tests were statistically significant.

the F test showing the main effect of A (Drug Treatment)

the F test showing the main effect of B (Cognitive Behavior Therapy)

11. In a between-subjects design, each subject receives __________.

all treatments

only one treatment

only one treatment at one time and other treatments at later times to prevent carryover effects

only one treatment order

12. Most people thrive on a diet containing phenylalanine; only the rare people with phenylketonuria suffer brain damage because of it. This is an example of a(n):

regression.

interaction.

main effect.

confounded effect.