Select Questions

Chapter 8

1. When factors such as age and sex, which are based upon characteristics of subjects, are used as a factor in a factorial design, __________.

subjects may be assigned in a completely random fashion

it may be because it is not feasible or ethical to manipulate that factor (e.g., stress).

results will probably not generalize

study results are easy to interpret

2. In a between-subjects design, each subject receives __________.

only one treatment order

all treatments

only one treatment

only one treatment at one time and other treatments at later times to prevent carryover effects

3. A(n) ______ occurs when the effect of one variable, A, on another variable, X, depends on a third variable, B.

regression

interaction

main effect

anomaly

4. The statistical test used to analyze the factorial design is called the __________.

t test

F test

chi-square

randomization test

5. In a __________ design, each subject receives all the treatments; in a _________ design, each subject receives only one treatment.

nonfactorial; factorial

between-subjects; within-subjects

factorial; nonfactorial

within-subjects; between-subjects

6. When comparing line and bar charts, __________.

the line chart is superior to the bar chart at showing interactions

tables are better than either the line or bar chart at showing interactions

both are equally good at displaying study results

neither is as good as a table

7. In an experimental design, subjects receive all treatments, according to a predetermined order. The design is a __________ design.

Latin square

completely randomized

randomized blocks

between-subjects

8. Researchers have investigated the effect of exercise on depression. They have found that exercise decreases "feeling blue" in unipolar depressives but has no effect upon those suffering from seasonal affective disorder. The finding, that the effects of exercise depends upon diagnostic category, is an example of _________.

an interaction between treatment (exercise) and diagnostic category

a main effect of diagnostic category

a limited main effect of exercise

an interaction between diagnostic category and "feeling blue"

9. In a factorial design, the total number of treatments __________.

equals the number of independent variables

equals the number of levels of the first independent variable plus the number of dependent variables

equals the product of the number of levels of each of the independent variables

equals the sum of the number of independent variables and the number of dependent variables

10. The design that allows the researcher to test for interactions between variables is the __________.

within-subjects design

between-subjects design

Latin square design

factorial design

11. In a factorial design, subjects are matched on IQ and then one of each pair is randomly assigned to one of the treatments; the design is a __________.

randomized blocks design

Latin square design

repeated measures design

completely randomized design

12. In the analysis of the two-factor design shown in the summary table below, which F test(s) was/were statistically significant?
Table
Analysis of Variance
Summary Table for Depression Scores
Source              df       F
A = Drug Th         1      1.86
B = Cog Beh Th     1     12.23*
A x B                  1       2.03
Error                30
* p < .05

none of the F tests were statistically significant.

the F test showing the interaction effect, A x B

the F test showing the main effect of A (Drug Treatment)

the F test showing the main effect of B (Cognitive Behavior Therapy)