Select Questions

Chapter 8

1. Factorial designs are used when the researcher wishes to measure the effect of an independent variable __________.

as a function of the effect of at least one other dependent variable

on several dependent variables

on a dependent variable as a function of the effect of at least one other independent variable

on a dependent variable

2. In an experimental design, subjects receive all treatments, according to a predetermined order. The design is a __________ design.

between-subjects

randomized blocks

Latin square

completely randomized

3. Researchers have investigated the effect of exercise on depression. They have found that exercise decreases "feeling blue" in unipolar depressives but has no effect upon those suffering from seasonal affective disorder. The finding, that the effects of exercise depends upon diagnostic category, is an example of _________.

an interaction between diagnostic category and "feeling blue"

a main effect of diagnostic category

a limited main effect of exercise

an interaction between treatment (exercise) and diagnostic category

4. In the two-factor design shown in the summary table below, there was/were __________ level(s) of Factor A, Drug.
Table
Analysis of Variance
Summary Table for Depression Scores
Source              df       F
A = Drug Th         1      1.86
B = Cog Beh Th     1     12.23*
A x B                  1       2.03
Error                30
* p < .05

5. See the summary table below. In the analysis of this two-factor design, __________ F test(s) was/were computed.
Table
Analysis of Variance
Summary Table for Depression Scores
Source              df       F
A = Drug Th         1      1.86
B = Cog Beh Th     1     12.23*
A x B                  1       2.03
Error                30
* p < .05

6. Counterbalancing is a technique that can be used for:

testing interactions.

converting a between-subjects design to a within-subjects design.

dealing with subject factors.

balancing order effects.

7. In a between-subjects design, each subject receives __________.

only one treatment order

all treatments

only one treatment at one time and other treatments at later times to prevent carryover effects

only one treatment

8. When factors such as age and sex, which are based upon characteristics of subjects, are used as a factor in a factorial design, __________.

subjects may be assigned in a completely random fashion

study results are easy to interpret

results will probably not generalize

it may be because it is not feasible or ethical to manipulate that factor (e.g., stress).

9. A researcher investigates the influence of illumination levels (high, moderate, low) on reading speed, for texts varying in difficulty (complex, simple). In this factorial design, there are a total of __________ treatments.

10. The design that best controls for individual differences between subjects, using the fewest number of subjects, is the __________.

between-subjects design

randomized block design

within-subjects design

completely randomized design

11. An experiment with two independent variables, each of which has two levels, in which all combinations of treatments are included, is called a(n) ________ design.

multiple factor

two-way factorial

interaction

2x2 factorial

12. In a within-subjects design ___________.

each subject receives only one treatment

each subject receives all treatments

there are two factors and at least one dependent variable

there are at least two factors and at least one dependent variable