Select Questions

Chapter 8

1. Factorial designs are used when the researcher wishes to measure the effect of an independent variable __________.

on a dependent variable as a function of the effect of at least one other independent variable

on several dependent variables

on a dependent variable

as a function of the effect of at least one other dependent variable

2. A(n) ______ occurs when the effect of one variable, A, on another variable, X, depends on a third variable, B.

anomaly

interaction

main effect

regression

3. In the two-factor design shown in the summary table below, there was/were __________ level(s) of Factor A, Drug.
Table
Analysis of Variance
Summary Table for Depression Scores
Source              df       F
A = Drug Th         1      1.86
B = Cog Beh Th     1     12.23*
A x B                  1       2.03
Error                30
* p < .05

4. The degrees of freedom associated with the main effects and interaction in an analysis of variance depend on:

the size of the study.

the degree of experimental control that is achieved.

the context of the experiment.

the power of the statistical test.

5. When factors such as age and sex, which are based upon characteristics of subjects, are used as a factor in a factorial design, __________.

subjects may be assigned in a completely random fashion

study results are easy to interpret

it may be because it is not feasible or ethical to manipulate that factor (e.g., stress).

results will probably not generalize

6. A __________ design is a design with two or more independent variables, in which the complete set of treatments is defined by the product of the levels of the independent variables.

Latin square

randomized blocks

factorial

completely randomized

7. To evaluate the possibility of an interaction between Factors A and B:

comparisons must be made of the effects of A at different levels of B.

none of the alternatives are correct

the values for the effect of B at each level of A are multiplied.

the effects of A at each level of B are subtracted.

8. In a within-subjects design ___________.

each subject receives only one treatment

each subject receives all treatments

there are at least two factors and at least one dependent variable

there are two factors and at least one dependent variable

9. A(n) __________ occurs when the effect of one variable, X, on another variable, Y, depends upon a third variable, Z.

interaction

main effect of Z

main effect of X

main effect of X and an interaction between X and Y

10. A researcher investigates the influence of illumination levels (high, moderate, low) on reading speed, for texts varying in difficulty (complex, simple). In this factorial design, there are a total of __________ treatments.

11. In Hall and Kataria's study evaluating different treatments for attention deficit hyperactive disorder, the children were tested on a delayed response task both when they were taking Ritalin and when they were not. A variable such as this involving repeated testing of the same subjects is called:

an interaction.

a between-subjects factor.

a within-subjects factor.

a subject factor.

12. In the analysis of the two-factor design shown in the summary table below, which F test(s) was/were statistically significant?
Table
Analysis of Variance
Summary Table for Depression Scores
Source              df       F
A = Drug Th         1      1.86
B = Cog Beh Th     1     12.23*
A x B                  1       2.03
Error                30
* p < .05

none of the F tests were statistically significant.

the F test showing the interaction effect, A x B

the F test showing the main effect of A (Drug Treatment)

the F test showing the main effect of B (Cognitive Behavior Therapy)