Select Questions

Chapter 8

1. When factors such as age and sex, which are based upon characteristics of subjects, are used as a factor in a factorial design, __________.

it may be because it is not feasible or ethical to manipulate that factor (e.g., stress).

results will probably not generalize

study results are easy to interpret

subjects may be assigned in a completely random fashion

2. The design that best controls for individual differences between subjects, using the fewest number of subjects, is the __________.

randomized block design

completely randomized design

within-subjects design

between-subjects design

3. In an experimental design, subjects receive all treatments, according to a predetermined order. The design is a __________ design.

randomized blocks

Latin square

between-subjects

completely randomized

4. To evaluate the possibility of an interaction between Factors A and B:

none of the alternatives are correct

the values for the effect of B at each level of A are multiplied.

comparisons must be made of the effects of A at different levels of B.

the effects of A at each level of B are subtracted.

5. In a within-subjects design, the most likely threat to internal validity is __________.

testing

history

statistical regression

instrumentation

6. A __________ design is a design with two or more independent variables, in which the complete set of treatments is defined by the product of the levels of the independent variables.

factorial

Latin square

randomized blocks

completely randomized

7. In a two-factor design, the number of F tests performed is:

8. See the summary table below. In the analysis of this two-factor design, __________ F test(s) was/were computed.
Table
Analysis of Variance
Summary Table for Depression Scores
Source              df       F
A = Drug Th         1      1.86
B = Cog Beh Th     1     12.23*
A x B                  1       2.03
Error                30
* p < .05

9. Experiments which test for interactions must include at a minimum __________.

two independent variables and one dependent variable

two independent variables and two dependent variables

one independent variable and two dependent variables

one independent variable and one dependent variable

10. Counterbalancing is a technique that can be used for:

dealing with subject factors.

converting a between-subjects design to a within-subjects design.

balancing order effects.

testing interactions.

11. An experiment with two independent variables, each of which has two levels, in which all combinations of treatments are included, is called a(n) ________ design.

2x2 factorial

two-way factorial

multiple factor

interaction

12. In the analysis of the two-factor design shown in the summary table below, which F test(s) was/were statistically significant?
Table
Analysis of Variance
Summary Table for Depression Scores
Source              df       F
A = Drug Th         1      1.86
B = Cog Beh Th     1     12.23*
A x B                  1       2.03
Error                30
* p < .05

the F test showing the main effect of A (Drug Treatment)

the F test showing the main effect of B (Cognitive Behavior Therapy)

none of the F tests were statistically significant.

the F test showing the interaction effect, A x B