Select Questions

Chapter 14

1. Self-report can be affected by subjects' attempts to __________________

manage impressions

avoid stress

always tell the truth

seek the easy way out

2. Which of the following did Whewell think was NOT necessary for "right interpretation"?

quantitative measurement

universal accounting of the facts

definite and sufficiently numerous facts

clear and distinct conceptions

3. The intent of phenomenological research is to describe experiences from the ___________ point of view.

subject's

researcher's

observer's

man-on-the-street's

4. The process by which phenomenological researchers try to avoid bias in their analysis of people’s reports on their experience is called

induction

triangulation

bracketing

consilience

5. A researcher had 50 college students describe a particular experience of loneliness that they could recall in detail. He asked them about what was happening before, during, and after their experiences. Finally, the researcher devised a statement that captured the essence of the experience, a research result that Whewell would call:

consilience

an inductive hypothesis

a significant categorization

a colligation

6. Which scientist was referred to as the "Darwin of the mind"?

E. Thorndike

S. Freud

B. F. Skinner

John Stuart Mill

7. Qualitative research uses ____________ as the medium for understanding and reporting research results, and involves some form of a naturalistic, interpretive approach to its subject matter.

statistics

observations

language

mathematics

8. Darwin referred to his book "Origin of the Species" as one long argument in favor of the view that

we can determine how species evolve in the future

species can and do change over time

the earth is millions of years old

finches have different beaks

9. Cressey set out to discover a definable sequence of events that are always present when ___________ is present and never present when _______________ is absent.

extreme anxiety

uncontrolled rage

trust violation

a feeling of loneliness

10. Whewell thought scientists should study Darwin’s work to overcome their prejudices against _____________________.

collecting and accounting for numerous facts

non-quantitative methods

evolutionary theory

quantitative methods

11. “The effort is to bring up into view every rational explanation of new phenomena, and to develop every tenable hypothesis respecting their cause and history.” This statement was used by Chamberlin to argue that researchers should:

publish their research in the cycle of validation

collect data in teams rather than as solitary investigators

consult with other researchers before collecting data

entertain multiple working hypotheses

12. True or False? Whewell believed in an external reality that could be perceived directly, independent of the observer's conceptions.

false

true