Select Questions

Chapter 12

1. __________ questions are better in the beginning stages of researching a particular problem.

Open-ended

Combination

Forced choice

Closed

2. All of the following are strategies for controlling for the effects of suggestion and for participant reactivity EXCEPT:

randomly assigning subjects to groups.

holding demand characteristics constant for all conditions.

randomly assigning observers and experimenters to the conditions of the study.

"blinding" experimenters, observers, and participants as to subjects' experimental conditions.

3. __________ reliability is determined by correlating scores for two administrations of the same test on the same group of people.

Test-retest

Alpha

Parallel-forms

Split-half

4. The following closed question uses what format?
I have many friends to help me when I am in need. ______ Yes ______ No

agree-disagree

magnitude estimation

Likert-type rating scale

rank order

5. The following closed question offers what type of format?

I am a person of worth
a = Strongly Disagree; b = Disagree; c = Agree; d = Strongly Agree

rank order

agree-disagree

magnitude estimation

Likert-type rating scale

6. When reliability is determined by dividing the items on a test into two halves and correlating participants' scores on these parts, the result is known as the test's reliability.

content

parallel-forms

test-retest

split-half

7. Survey researchers typically use _________ sampling in recruiting participants for their studies.

convenience

probability

representative

subjective

8. Open-ended questions are to __________ as closed questions are to __________.

uniform range of choices for subjects, unanticipated answers

subject flexibility in responding, capturing the richness of experience

subject choice of alternative, difficulty in scoring

lack of restrictions, ease of scoring

9. Participants' reactions to the special treatment and attention they receive as research participants is known as:

experimenter expectancy effects.

the Hawthorne effect.

demand characteristics.

meaning deprivation.

10. Two students were observing the out-of-seat behavior of a hyperactive first-grader together. After their observation, they calculated Cohen's kappa. They were determining __________.

construct validity

alpha reliability

inter-observer reliability

intra-observer reliability

11. Studies on __________ investigate whether tests are good measures of the psychological concepts their authors claim they measure.

construct validity

concept validity

content validity

criterion validity

12. Martin Orne's term for cues that suggest hypotheses to participants in research is:

construct invalidity.

reactance cues.

demand characteristics.

experimenter expectancy effects.