Select Questions

Chapter 12

1. Two student research assistants were randomly assigned to collecting data for either the treatment or control condition. This technique is an attempt to __________.

assign treatments systematically

avoid experimenter expectancies

control for guessing

balance the work load

2. Martin Orne's term for cues that suggest hypotheses to participants in research is:

reactance cues.

demand characteristics.

construct invalidity.

experimenter expectancy effects.

3. Your application to the IRE should describe your plan for preserving the confidentiality of participants' data and records to avoid risks to them. Such a plan is necessary to uphold the Belmont Report's principle of:

complete disclosure.

beneficence.

respect.

justice.

4. The following closed question uses what format?
I have many friends to help me when I am in need. ______ Yes ______ No

magnitude estimation

agree-disagree

rank order

Likert-type rating scale

5. Studies on __________ validity investigate whether tests are good measures of the psychological concepts the author claims they measure.

criterion

content

construct

alpha

6. The following closed question uses what format?

In answering the following question, assign a number that represents how important each of the following is in selecting an apartment. Give the number "1" the most important, "2" to the next most important, etc.
_____ proximity to campus
_____ safety of the neighborhood
_____ cost of rent
_____ size
_____ attractiveness

Likert-type rating scale

rank-order

agree-disagree

magnitude estimation

7. A(n) __________ question format requires subjects to order a set of alternatives according to their preferences.

Likert-type rating scale

rank order

magnitude estimation

agree-disagree

8. Participants' reactions to the special treatment and attention they receive as research participants is known as:

meaning deprivation.

demand characteristics.

the Hawthorne effect.

experimenter expectancy effects.

9. One reason for debriefing in research that is NOT suggested in the dictionary definition is:

giving participants the educational benefit of learning about the research.

assessing the conduct of participants during the research.

explaining and correcting any deception.

cautioning participants not to discuss the experiment with other potential participants.

10. As compared to closed questions, open-ended questions are useful for all the following reasons EXCEPT:

in the early stages of research when the range of possible answers to questions is unknown.

when questions are scored by computer.

when the response alternatives are too numerous to list.

when researchers hope to learn new things from respondents.

11. Two students were observing the out-of-seat behavior of a hyperactive first-grader together. After their observation, they calculated Cohen's kappa. They were determining __________.

alpha reliability

intra-observer reliability

inter-observer reliability

construct validity

12. The following closed question offers what type of format?

I am a person of worth
a = Strongly Disagree; b = Disagree; c = Agree; d = Strongly Agree

Likert-type rating scale

agree-disagree

rank order

magnitude estimation