Select Questions

Chapter 12

1. Martin Orne's term for cues that suggest hypotheses to participants in research is:

demand characteristics.

experimenter expectancy effects.

reactance cues.

construct invalidity.

2. Random assignment of subjects is to __________ as observing subjects in naturally occurring conditions is to __________.

convenience sampling, randomization

randomized blocks design, completely randomized design

experiment, correlational study

probability sampling, convenience sampling

3. Spearman-Brown is to __________ reliability as KR-20 is to __________ reliability.

alpha, parallel-forms

inter-observer, intra-observer

parallel-forms, test-retest

split-half, alpha

4. __________ reliability is determined by correlating scores for two administrations of the same test on the same group of people.

Split-half

Test-retest

Alpha

Parallel-forms

5. Open-ended questions are to __________ as closed questions are to __________.

lack of restrictions, ease of scoring

subject choice of alternative, difficulty in scoring

uniform range of choices for subjects, unanticipated answers

subject flexibility in responding, capturing the richness of experience

6. The __________ question format is used to ensure confidentiality of subjects' answers to sensitive questions.

Likert-type rating scale

agree-disagree

rank order

randomized response

7. As compared to closed questions, open-ended questions are useful for all the following reasons EXCEPT:

in the early stages of research when the range of possible answers to questions is unknown.

when the response alternatives are too numerous to list.

when researchers hope to learn new things from respondents.

when questions are scored by computer.

8. Inter-observer reliability is to __________ as intra-observer reliability is to __________.

agreement in ratings at different times, agreement in behavior classification

experiment, observation

between, within

correlation, F-test

9. Researchers gain information on by checking the agreement in the ratings made by the same observer at different times.

interobserver reliability

intraobserver reliability

interrater reliability

test-retest reliability.

10. A consent form describing the study's procedures, benefits, and risks, if any, as completely as possible, with no coercion of any sort, no threats of retaliation or loss for failure to participate,and no remuneration out of proportion to the requirements of the study would satisfy the Belmont Report's principle of:

beneficence.

complete disclosure.

respect.

justice.

11. The following closed question uses what format?

In answering the following question, assign a number that represents how important each of the following is in selecting an apartment. Give the number "1" the most important, "2" to the next most important, etc.
_____ proximity to campus
_____ safety of the neighborhood
_____ cost of rent
_____ size
_____ attractiveness

agree-disagree

Likert-type rating scale

rank-order

magnitude estimation

12. Studies on __________ investigate whether tests are good measures of the psychological concepts their authors claim they measure.

construct validity

content validity

concept validity

criterion validity