Select Questions

Chapter 10

1. Whenever a researcher schedules a treatment following high or low scores on the dependent measure or selects subjects based upon extreme scores he should be concerned with the threat to internal validity of __________.

maturation

instability

statistical regression

history

2. Statistical regression is a threat to the internal validity of a study whenever:

there are repeated measurements of the same subjects.

an invalid measure is used.

control for external conditions is inadequate.

researchers schedule a treatment following high (or low) scores on the dependent variable.

3. Probability sampling and methods of survey administration contribute __________ error compared to question wording.

greater

equivalent

less

4. A social worker wished to evaluate the benefits of letting nursing home residents care for a plant. On one floor, the residents were given a plant to care for in their room. On another floor, residents were not given a plant. The social worker measured their activity levels before and after. This is an example of a(n) __________.

interrupted time-series with switching replications design

randomized control groups design

nonequivalent control group design

interrupted time-series design

5. The OXO design applied to group data is called the:

randomized control group design.

pretest-posttest one-group design.

randomized blocks design.

interrupted time-series design.

6. The comparison group in a nonequivalent control group design is called nonequivalent because __________.

subjects are not randomly assigned to the treatment and control groups.

subjects are randomly assigned to the treatment and control groups.

there are more subjects in this group compared to the treatment group.

there are fewer subjects in this group compared to the treatment group.

7. A school psychologist compared the achievement scores of children who either had or had not been socially promoted. This study is using __________ data.

archival

observational

survey

experimental

8. The use of typical cases is an example of __________ while the use of clusters is an example of __________.

nonprobability sampling, probability sampling

less error in sampling, greater error in sampling

unbiased sampling, biased sampling

unbiased sampling, greater error in sampling

9. A graduate student was observing the depressive behavior of a patient on the unit. She was kept unaware of when the patient started treatment. Such a control to reduce observer bias is called __________.

intraobserver reliability

blinding

interobserver reliability

acclimation

10. The __________ design is to quasi-experimental designs as the AB design is to single-case designs.

pretest-post test one-group design

interrupted time-series with switching replications

interrupted time-series

interrupted time-series with multiple replications

11. Rosemary Wood, the secretary for President Nixon, erased portions of the tapes where the President and his staff discussed the Watergate break-in. Later scholars have examined these tapes to assess the degree of integrity of the Nixon Presidency. This example represents the problem of __________ in archival data.

selective survival

selective deposit

observer bias

reactivity

12. The __________ design is to quasi-experimental designs as the ABAB design is to single-case designs.

pretest-posttest one-group design

interrupted time-series

interrupted time-series with switching replications

interrupted time-series with multiple replications