Select Questions

Chapter 10

1. Which of the following is NOT a serious threat to validity of the pretest-posttest one-group design, O X O, is ___________.

instability

maturation

history

selection

2. In __________ sampling, the population is classified into subgroups and simple random samples are taken from each subgroup.

snowball

stratified

simple random

cluster

3. As the best approximation to the randomized control group design, field researchers often use:

the nonequivalent control group design.

the interrupted time series with a nonequivalent no-treatment control group time series.

the alternating treatment design.

4. Whenever a researcher schedules a treatment following high or low scores on the dependent measure or selects subjects based upon extreme scores he should be concerned with the threat to internal validity of __________.

maturation

instability

statistical regression

history

5. Comparisons of quasi-experiments to true experiments reveal that __________.

most quasi-experiments have no threats to internal validity.

true experiments have random assignment of subjects to conditions.

true experiments have more threats to validity than quasi-experiments.

most quasi-experiments have random assignment of subjects to conditions.

6. A school psychologist records the out-of-seat behavior of a group of hyperactive children for one week. The following week she administers verbal praise. She continues to alternate tokens and verbal praise for 3 additional weeks while continuously recording their out-of-seat behavior. This is a(n) __________.

interrupted time-series with switching replications design

randomized control groups design

interrupted time-series with multiple replications design

nonequivalent control group design

7. A coding scheme classifies an animal's behavior into categories such as grooming, looking for food, and sexual display. This scheme is using a(n) __________ description.

empirical

molecular

functional

molar

8. The __________ design is to quasi-experimental designs as the multiple baseline design is to single-case designs.

interrupted time-series with multiple replications

interrupted time-series

pretest-posttest one-group

interrupted time-series with switching replications

9. The problem with telephone interviews is that __________.

they place restrictions on the length and complexity of the interview

they are inconvenient

they cannot be conducted with simple random sampling

they are more expensive than other methods

10. The comparison group in a nonequivalent control group design is called nonequivalent because __________.

there are fewer subjects in this group compared to the treatment group.

there are more subjects in this group compared to the treatment group.

subjects are randomly assigned to the treatment and control groups.

subjects are not randomly assigned to the treatment and control groups.

11. Samuel Stouffer discovered that the greatest source of error or bias in the scientific use of surveys is:1 Based on his study of how Watson and Crick discovered the structure of DNA and how Darwin developed the theory of evolution, Robert Weisberg concluded that:

variation due to question wording.

methods of questionnaire administration.

interviewer bias.

inadequacies of sampling.

12. Which of the following methods of collecting data in a survey usually yields the lowest response rate(s)?

face-to-face interviews

telephone interviews

self-administered questionnaires

both a and b